**90 Days Summer Camps at Samadhan CBSE Academy**

Dear Parents and Students,

Get ready for an exciting learning adventure at Samadhan CBSE Academy! We are thrilled to announce our exclusive 90-day summer camps designed especially for CBSE Class X students. With a focus on academic excellence and comprehensive preparation, our program aims to complete the Class X Math and Science syllabus in just 90 days!

**Program Highlights:**

- **Subject Coverage:** Our summer camps are tailored to cover the entire Class X Math and Science syllabus, ensuring that students are fully prepared for their upcoming examinations.

**Registration Details:**

- **Contact Number:** For registration and inquiries, please call us at 9754624944.

- **Address:** Visit us at Bajrang Nagar, Panna Road, Chhatarpur, to register for the summer camp.

- **Eligibility:** This summer camp is exclusively for CBSE Class X students.

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS

 1. REAL NUMBER (15) Periods 

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of 

UNIT II: ALGEBRA 

1. POLYNOMIALS (8) Periods

 Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials. 

2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES (15) Periods 

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination. Simple situational problems.

 3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (15) Periods

 Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots. Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be incorporated.

4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS (10) Periods 

Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems. 

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY Coordinate Geometry (15) Periods Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations. Distance formula. Section formula (internal division).

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY 

1. TRIANGLES (15) Periods

 Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles. 1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. 2. (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side. 3. (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar. 4. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar. 5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

2. CIRCLES (10) Periods 

Tangent to a circle at, point of contact 1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. 2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY 

1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY (10) Periods 

Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0o and 90o. Values of the trigonometric ratios of 300 , 450 and 600 . Relationships between the ratios.

2. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES (15) Periods

 Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.

 3. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES: Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression. (10)Periods

 Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, and 60°.

UNIT VI: MENSURATION 

1. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES (12) Periods

 Area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only. 2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES (12) Periods

 Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 

1. STATISTICS (18) Periods

 Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided).

 2. PROBABILITY (10) Periods

 Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.  

Theme: Materials

Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction. Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, General properties, examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide,Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris. Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention. Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes and alkynes), difference between saturated hydro carbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents. 

Theme: The World of the Living 

Unit II: World of Living Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones. Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health - need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health. Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction: (topics excluded - evolution; evolution and classification and evolution should not be equated with progress).

Theme: Natural Phenomena

 Unit III: Natural Phenomena Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required),magnification. Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula(Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens. Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in dailylife (excluding colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset).

Theme: How Things Work

 Unit IV: Effects of Current Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R. Magnetic effects of current : Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carryingconductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits. Theme: Natural Resources Unit V: Natural Resources Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

Note for the Teachers:

 Theme: Materials

Unit I: Matter-Nature and Behaviour Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of statemelting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation. Nature of matter: Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions. Physical and chemical changes (excluding separating the components of a mixture). Particle nature and their basic units: Atoms and molecules, Law of Chemical Combination, Chemical formula of common compounds, Atomic and molecular masses. Structure of atoms: Electrons, protons and neutrons, Valency, Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes and Isobars.

Theme: The World of the Living

Unit II: Organization in the Living World Cell - Basic Unit of life : Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number. Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism: Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four types of tissues in animals; Meristematic and Permanent tissues in plants)

Theme: Moving Things, People and Ideas

Unit III: Motion, Force and Work Motion: Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, elementary idea of uniform circular motion. Force and Newton’s laws : Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and Reaction forces, Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration. Gravitation: Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth (gravity), Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Free fall. Floatation: Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy. Work, Energy and Power: Work done by a Force, Energy, power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law of conservation of energy (excluding commercial unit of Energy). Sound: Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo.

Theme: Food

 Unit IV: Food Production Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and management; Use of fertilizers and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.

Note for the Teachers: 1. The chapter Natural Resources (NCERT Chapter 14) will not be assessed in the year-end examination. However, learners may be assigned to read this chapter and encouraged to prepare a brief write up on any concept of this chapter in their Portfolio. This may be for Internal Assessment and credit may be given for Periodic Assessment/Portfolio. 2. The NCERT text books present information in boxes across the book. These help students to get conceptual clarity. However, the information in these boxes would not be assessed in the year-end examination.

 एमसीक्यू परीक्षकों को अपेक्षाकृत कम अवधि के भीतर ज्ञान और समझ की एक विस्तृत श्रृंखला का आकलन करने की अनुमति देते हैं। यह विशेष रूप से बड़े पैमाने की परीक्षाओं में उपयोगी है जहां समय की कमी चिंता का विषय है।  MCQs provide an objective method of evaluation.  grading is straightforward, reducing the potential for subjectivity in assessment.

can ensure that a broad spectrum of the curriculum is tested,

एमसीक्यू में अक्सर ध्यान भटकाने वाले (गलत उत्तर विकल्प) शामिल होते हैं जो, This helps to minimize the effectiveness of guesswork, requiring students to demonstrate genuine understanding to select the correct answer.

 MCQs can be adapted to test different cognitive levels, from basic recall of facts to higher-order thinking skills such as analysis and synthesis.यह बहुमुखी प्रतिभा परीक्षकों को कई प्रकार के कौशल और क्षमताओं का आकलन करने की अनुमति देती है।(This versatility allows examiners to assess a range of skills and abilities.) 

 MCQs facilitate the standardization of exams, ensuring that all students are assessed on the same content and under the same conditions.

इससे evaluation. में fairness  और consistency को बढ़ावा मिलता है।

 MCQs may provide immediate feedback to students.  

जिससे उन्हें to identify areas of weakness  और  focus their study efforts accordingly.

Overall, while MCQs may have limitations in assessing certain types of knowledge and skills,

 Overall, the curriculum(पाठ्यक्रम) aims to equip students with a solid foundation in mathematics while nurturing their ability to apply mathematical concepts in various contexts.

Summary: The use of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) in examinations allows examiners to evaluate students' knowledge and understanding efficiently within a limited time frame, making them particularly valuable in large-scale assessments. MCQs provide an objective method of evaluation, reducing the potential for subjectivity in grading. They cover a broad spectrum of the curriculum, minimizing the effectiveness of guesswork and requiring genuine understanding from students to select the correct answer. Moreover, MCQs can be adapted to test different cognitive levels, ensuring that a range of skills and abilities are assessed. Standardization of exams is facilitated by MCQs, promoting fairness and consistency in evaluation. Immediate feedback provided by MCQs helps students identify areas of weakness and focus their study efforts accordingly. Despite their limitations, MCQs play a crucial role in assessing students' knowledge and skills, aligning with the goal of equipping students with a solid foundation in mathematics and the ability to apply mathematical concepts effectively in various contexts.